There has been much research and writing about the Biology of Altruism in the last twenty years. The general conclusions are not that surprising: people are altruistic --that is they help others for delayed rather than immediate gain-- because it provides evolutionary benefits.
The altruistic woman who jumps in a lake to save her drowning child will have a greater chance of passing on her genes to her still living offspring. The altruistic genes will have a greater chance of living on than those of the more self-absorbed woman who wouldn't risk her own life to save her children.
